Stakeholders' attitudes towards tools for sustainable tourism in historical cities

Urban space is often the cause of disputes. The underlying causes of these disputes are conflicting interests, attitudes and needs regarding the way it is used. Among the various functions performed by cities, tourism activities have been distinguished as the foremost in the cities of historical value. Mass tourism has developed in the last decade and its excessive flow of tourists has in turn led to overtourism which as described in literature is a negative phenomenon. The causes of conflicts related to the development of tourism and their scale are very diverse. The freezing of the tourism economy during the COVID-19 pandemic created an opportunity to balance its development in the future. As described in the article, this research aims at identifying the attitudes and expectations of Krakow's residence towards the tools of balancing the tourism economy in the post pandemic period. The statistical analysis of the acquired data collected through questionnaires from 386 respondents during July 2020 revealed that most of the respondents support the preservation of cultural heritage and landscapes over business and profit making.

Can Destination Cards Help to Shape Areas' Sustainability?

This paper examines whether destination cards can simultaneously serve tourists' needs and sustainability goals. It provides useful insights for tourism authorities and policymakers in designing a smart tourist card that meets the needs of tourists while preserving and supporting areas' wellbeing. Taking Thessaloniki city as a case study, a tourist survey, designed based on the key features of European destination cards, was implemented to identify needs and motivations. Interesting insight was revealed: tourists want to self-explore the city, are coming with their families, are history-lovers and gastronomy-keen, and are strongly willing to be provided with a destination card offering unlimited access to public transport. The latter reveals an opportunity for the city;the tourists are willing to use sustainable mobility options, which means that a base of sustainable travelling exists. The proposed Thessaloniki smart card can bring together tourists' needs with the city's sustainability goals;the development of tourist packages, including sustainable mobility provisions, walking-talking tours, and bike rentals, should be the backbone of the card. The next challenge for the city is to build a cooperation network to support this smart destination card implementation and promotion.

Place production, urban tourism geographies and experiences of Muße

Urban tourism, as a social, cultural, and economic field, has been strongly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. As a reverse effect of this crisis, however, there is a recent shift away from the dominant logics of performance and efficiency towards mindfulness, serenity, and similar concepts that shape the everyday life of an increasing number of people. All these terms are related to the semantic field of Muße, a word derived from the German language, which is defined as the experience of moments of freedom, indulgence, placidity, and recreation. Following the idea that social phenomena are reflected and reproduced in tourism, the objective is to explore how and where tourists experience Muße in urban tourism. A focus on Muße first enables a better understanding of tourists' travel behaviour, expectations, and needs. In the same vein, it is possible to examine tourism place-making since the need for Muße produces and transforms individual tourists' worlds of experiences. Although place-making practices and experiences have been widely studied, their relationship to Muße remains to be explored in urban and tourism research. With the aim to study practices and places of Muße in urban tourism, the presented qualitative content analysis draws upon 84 interviews conducted with tourists in Barcelona, Florence, and Paris in 2019. Findings show that the practice of sitting is relevant for experiences of Muße with a particular impact on place-making. Six categories are suggested to illustrate how Muße can be effective while tourists are sitting. This includes a detailed discussion of the spatial dimensions of Muße. In conclusion, places of Muße are highly individual, intangible, and complex. Insights into the characteristics of Muße and engagement with this new concept in international tourism research can be used as resources to study tourist place-making and support the planning for sustainable tourism development. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Tourism Geographies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Role of homestay in reviving tourism in Shimla

Background: At seasonal tourist destinations like Shimla, rooms may remain vacant and unoccupied during lean periods. To add on, pandemic has already shut many small lodging facilities. Background: The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of how homestay activities can contribute to revitalize sustainable tourism trends in Shimla, the study assumes particular importance in a period of economic crisis characterized by post COVID trauma. Methodology: A survey was conducted in Shimla after first wave of corona virus from September 20 to December 20 as soon as the travel restrictions were uplifted. The travel and accommodation preferences of tourists were observed and found to be shifting towards less frequently visited places avoiding mass tourism. To highlight the role of homestays in reviving these tourism trends, three objectives were identified. Two separate questionnaires were developed to get the quantitative and qualitative data for this research. The data was tabulated and evaluated using SPSS tool. Results: The findings presented the analysed profile of the potential homestay operators as well as visitors seeking homestay tourism. It also reports the motivations, expectation and experience of the tourists regarding various aspects of homestay. Conclusion: Homestays can act as potential vital tool in reviving tourism.

REFLECTIONS ON HERITAGE AND TOURISM IN THE TOWN of TAPSO, CATAMARCA

As a historical event, the Covid-19 pandemic marks a before and after. Social distancing during 2020 and 2021 radically affected our work on heritage, archaeology and tourism. This measure severely limited our communication with the people of Tapso (El Alto, Catamarca). From our heritage perspective it is impossible to achieve our goals without collaborative work with the communities. This article aims to communicate the advances and frames of the re-linking between the researchers and the community. During these last years, and after trying to develop a line of work at a virtual level without much success, we have focused on re-connecting with our presence in the territory, which was much more effective. Consequently, through interviews, activities at the school and the museum, prospecting and surveying sites with the community, we have strengthened the bond that was damaged due to the pandemic. © 2022 Asociacion de Arqueologos Profesionales de la Republica Argentina. All rights reserved.

The elephant in the Zoom: the role of virtual safaris during the COVID-19 pandemic for conservation resilience

The economic turmoil and restrictions on human movement precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted conservation efforts. Many conservation actors rapidly implemented various adaptive measures in response to the cessation of the nature-based tourism industry, the primary revenue source for much of conservation in sub-Saharan Africa. This timely preliminary study examined the innovative use of virtual safaris, a form of virtual nature-based tourism, as an adaptive response to the crisis. Eight in-depth semi-structured interviews and two written responses from a range of ‘conservation operators' provided insight into motivations, benefits, and challenges associated with using virtual safaris. This novel study found three mechanisms through which virtual safaris helped to alleviate the effects of COVID-19 with the potential to develop conservation resilience: 1) as a stopgap measure, 2) for revenue diversification, and 3) as a means of scaling ecosystem services. Virtual safaris provided a critical lifeline for conservation operators, created a new tool to connect with distant audiences, and strengthened relationships with donors. However, this research highlighted a need to re-evaluate the role of sustainable tourism within conservation, with transformative changes essential to enhance future conservation resilience.

Tourism and advertising in the spanish press. Narrative strategy for persuasion

Advertising connects the institutional and business sector with the public, responding to a persuasive and commercial interest. Advertising connects the institutional and business sector with the public, responding to a persuasive and commercial interest. The promotion of tourist destinations is a key activity for public and private advertisers to effectively communicate with their audiences. These advertisements show citizens' interests and motivations for travelling in the 21st century. This study analysed 95 advertisements published in 2020 in the newspaper El Pais, the most widely read generalist print media in Spain, on the day of the week coinciding with the publication of the specialised supplement "El viajero" (The Traveller). A quantitative and qualitative content analysis has been carried out in order to respond to the main objective of identifying the main advertisers and the usual sales proposition in this type of advertisement, also explaining the narrative strategies used in tourism campaigns. The main conclusions are the importance of wellbeing in the campaigns carried out and the important presence of public bodies in the promotion of destinations, especially Spanish destinations, highlighting historical, cultural and environmental heritage, which take on the same importance as the offer of beaches or cruises. This is an advertisement aimed especially at young people who travel as a couple, reflecting social concerns and trends in an irregular year for tourism promotion due to the covid-19 pandemic. This time period was an exceptional context, with consequences on citizen attitudes towards travel, which undoubtedly limits the application of these conclusions to that specific time context.

Future of Tourism in Asia

This book offers a meticulous overview of the future of tourism in Asian countries. This book provides new dimensions to the tourism research and tourism industry as it is concerned with the future vision of tourism in Asia. The main purpose of the book is to envision the outcomes both positive and negative from the tourism industry to prepare our future generations. This book expands on the concept that tourism is not sedentary and is ever changing rapidly. A unique feature of the book is that it brings into limelight the unexplored places of Asia as well as a growth of low-cost tourism in Asia This book discusses how Asia can enjoy the competitive advantage in future. Also, whether the future outlook is bright or dark for the tourism sector in the Asia region. This book highlights the unexplored themes of tourism in Asia such as Over-tourism, Sports Tourism, Baby Boomers and Seenger Tourism, Literary Tourism, Experiential Tourism, Psychographic Segmentation of Future Tourists. The chapters have been authored by experts in their respective fields. This book allows readers to explore how different Asian countries might best serve tourism products in the future. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.

Determinants of Sustainable Tourism Destinations in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to investigate the tourism concept variable, tourism services and facilities and infrastructure affect the success variable of developing sustainable tourism destinations through moderating variables of tourist interest to visit. In this study, the independent variable is related to the development of sustainable tourism destinations, the variable is the concept of tourism, tourism services and facilities and infrastructure, while the dependent variable is the success in developing the concept of sustainable tourism, and the moderating variable is the interest of tourists to visit. The research method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive research method using path analysis. In this study the independent variables are related to factors related tothe development of sustainable tourism destinations, such as tourism concept variables, tourism services and facilities and infrastructure, the dependent variable is the success in developing the sustainable tourism concept, with moderating variable (connecting variable) tourist interest to visit, data analysis using AMOS 20, and data taken is data on the number of tourist visits to Indonesia during 2016-2020 years. Partially variable tourism concept, tourism services and infrastructure advice significant effect on the variable successful development of tourist destinations and has a significant effect on the variable of tourist interest in visiting 5 priority tourist destinations in Indonesia, while simultaneously the variable tourism concept, tourism services and infrastructure advice indirectly has a significant effect on the variable successful development of tourist destinationsthrough the interest of tourists to visit 5 priority tourist destinations in Indonesia. Through the results of research that has been stated that the success of developing tourist destinations depends on the concept of tourism, the tourist services and infrastructure offered are in accordance with the needs and desires of tourists, if the concept of tourism, tourism services and facilities and infrastructure offered are appropriate, then tourists will be motivated to continue to visit these tourist attractions.

Investigating the Relationship between Users' Behavioral Intentions and Learning Effects of VR System for Sustainable Tourism Development

Macao is a tourist city. It is home to the Ruins of Saint Paul's, a unique 100-year-old landmark, which is still standing with manual maintenance, even after three fires and reconstruction events. Therefore, the continuous preservation of its culture, heritage education, and construction are important issues for Macao. With the development of digital technology in recent years, users can quickly search historical sites and save two-dimensional and three-dimensional images and videos through smartphones. These methods also enhance the communication power of culture. Virtual browsing on a smartphone requires computing power and storage space;yet, virtual reality devices are not widely used. Therefore, augmented reality and virtual reality are rarely used simultaneously for three-dimensional interactive guided tours and operation experiences on the same theme. However, by quickly creating virtual reality scenarios and preserving historical sites on mobile devices, 4DAGE's 4DKanKan technology can provide augmented reality and metaverse virtual reality experiences. 4DKanKan can also integrate mobile guides and navigation software to connect mobile devices and assist in cultural inheritance and conduct sustainable education. This research linked this technology to the web by incorporating augmented reality and virtual reality technology to make designs and discussed the influences among service design, behavioral intentions, and learning effects. We collated and analyzed relevant data and text materials through systematic testing, observation, operation processes, and semi-structured interviews. The PLS multigroup structural model was used to explore and analyze the degree of influence and explanatory power of system quality, information quality, behavioral intention, and learning effects among themselves. The results of this study show that most users accepted the proposed innovative mode of operation and found it to be interesting and fun. Augmented reality is not limited by space or time;however, virtual reality devices taking too long to operate, switching too frequently, and having too many functional interfaces can cause operational problems. This study identified and modified the influencing factors and problems of the proposed system, with the aim of continuing to expand the applications of 4DKanKan to other cultural attractions or museums in the future. In addition, the research results can provide a reference for the sustainable development of related cultural sites.

Tourism Demand Prediction after COVID-19 with Deep Learning Hybrid CNN–LSTM—Case Study of Vietnam and Provinces

The tourism industry experienced a positive increase after COVID-19 and is the largest segment in the foreign exchange contribution in developing countries, especially in Vietnam, where China has begun reopening its borders and lifted the pandemic limitation on foreign travel. This research proposes a hybrid algorithm, combined convolution neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM), to accurately predict the tourism demand in Vietnam and some provinces. The number of new COVID-19 cases worldwide and in Vietnam is considered a promising feature in predicting algorithms, which is novel in this research. The Pearson matrix, which evaluates the correlation between selected features and target variables, is computed to select the most appropriate input parameters. The architecture of the hybrid CNN–LSTM is optimized by utilizing hyperparameter fine-tuning, which improves the prediction accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, the proposed CNN–LSTM outperformed other traditional approaches, including the backpropagation neural network (BPNN), CNN, recurrent neural network (RNN), gated recurrent unit (GRU), and LSTM algorithms, by deploying the K-fold cross-validation methodology. The developed algorithm could be utilized as the baseline strategy for resource planning, which could efficiently maximize and deeply utilize the available resource in Vietnam.

Pathways to post-capitalist tourism

Potential to identify and cultivate forms of post-capitalism in tourism development has yet to be explored in depth in current research. Tourism is one of the world's largest industries, and hence a powerful global political and socio-economic force. Yet numerous problems associated with conventional tourism development have been documented over the years, problems now greatly exacerbated by impacts of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Calls for sustainable tourism development have long sought to address such issues and set the industry on a better course. Yet such calls tend to still promote continued growth as the basis of the tourism industry's development, while mounting demands for "degrowth" suggest that growth is itself the fundamental problem that needs to be addressed in discussion of sustainability in tourism and elsewhere. This critique asserts that incessant growth is intrinsic to capitalist development, and hence to tourism's role as one of the main forms of global capitalist expansion. Touristic degrowth would therefore necessitate postcapitalist practices aiming to socialise the tourism industry. While a substantial body of research has explored how tourism functions as an expression of a capitalist political economy, thus far no research has systematically explored what post-capitalist tourism might look like or how to achieve it. Applying Erik Olin Wright's innovative typology for conceptualizing different forms of post-capitalism as components of an overarching strategy for "eroding capitalism" to a series of illustrative allows for exploration of their potential to contribute to an analogous strategy to similarly "erode tourism" as a quintessential capitalist industry.

Tourism Recovery and Sustainability Post Pandemic: An Integrated Approach for Kenya's Tourism Hotspots

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the tourism industry, leading to global economic and societal disruptions, and a growing risk of a global recession. This project aimed to investigate the impact of the pandemic on conservation, communities, and businesses in Masai Mara, and identify critical factors for sustainable tourism recovery. Four objectives were explored: (1) awareness of critical factors for tourism recovery and sustainability during and after the pandemic period;(2) socio-economic vulnerabilities of indigenous communities to COVID-19;(3) lessons learned to enhance adaptation and resilience;and (4) the impact of COVID-19 on conservation management of the destination. We used mixed methods, including field observations, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions, to collect data from tourism industry businesses and policymakers in the Masai Mara conservation area. The findings indicated a negative large-scale effect on conservation, tourism business, and communities in the area. The study recommends integrated interventions by both county and national governments, targeting small, medium, and micro enterprises. The persistence of the economic damage to the tourism sector will depend on how both county and national governments handle policy interventions towards the funding of tourism SMMEs, the community livelihood programme, and conservation partnerships to incentivize tourism recovery.

Irrawaddy dolphin in Asia's largest brackish water lagoon: A perspective from SWOT and sentiment analysis for sustainable ecotourism

Chilika, the largest brackish water lagoon in Asia, is a habitat of the Irrawaddy Dolphin (IRD) and a popular tourist destination for dolphin watching. However, this dolphin-based tourism has turned unsustainable due to the adverse impacts of tourism on IRD. This study uses SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) to analyze various internal and external factors that control IRD-based tourism in Chilika. Content analysis and sentiment analysis are also used to know the tourists' views regarding dolphin tourism in Chilika lagoon, and telephonic interviews with boat owners to determine the impact of tourism on local communities before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. SWOT analysis highlights existing opportunities and strengths of IRD tourism in Chilika, such as prevalent ‘positive' perception (48%) among the tourists and stable IRD population. 38% of tourists' perceptions were ‘negative,' corroborating inherent weaknesses and threats of IRD tourism, such as faulty marketing strategy, excessive tourist pressure, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Interviews with boat operators reveal that the pandemic lockdown laid the financial situation of local tourist boat operators down. This study suggests multipronged solution approaches, for example ensuring the integrity of IRD habitat, optimal resource utilization, high service quality, and necessary infrastructure development to facilitate a sustainable ecotourism model in the lagoon. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

Artificial intelligence and sustainable tourism development. the value of collaboration agreements

Objective and interest of the work: This study focuses on the application of artificial intelligence in the tourism sector to improve the consumer experience in a significant way through the work developed by different organizations to increase social innovation. The objective of the study is, on the one hand, to present an analysis of the literature to determine good practices in the sector, and on the other hand, to analyze data about the tourism sector based on models of collaboration between Administration, Universities and the State to promote innovation in the commitment to sustainable models. Methodology design: S e conducted an analysis of experiences that demonstrate the existence of collaborative practices promoted by different public and private institutions to promote the use of technology in the tourism sector. A compilation of secondary sources was carried out to gather information on these initiatives. Results: The work shows that the topic is of interest to the scientific community and compiles the practices in Spain linked to the interest of organizations that are committed to new initiatives that help the competitiveness of tourism in Spain, with the use of artificial intelligence in the reality of the sector being incipient. Practical implications: New trends in technology are being applied in the growing and sustainable recovery of tourism over the long term in the wake of the numbers left by the COVID-19 pandemic. This is the fruit of a new school of thought that emphasizes cooperation for social progress.

Tourism promoting sustainable regional development: focusing on rural and creative tourism in low-density and remote regions

This study, based on the analysis of the existing bibliography, as well as the result of the appreciation of a low-density and remote case studies located in the Azores Archipelago, seeks to identify a theoretical nexus regarding rural and creative tourism and regional sustainable development in the post-COVID-19 scenario. In this regard, the authors applied analytical descriptive and inductive deductive methods. Contextually, the study aims not only to understand the subject in more prominent detail but also to clarify new tendencies, approaches, and potential guidelines that allow the actors implicated to design and drive sustainable regional development in the long term. The remote and low-density territories are the most appealing destination for this new tourism dynamics. Also, the paper shows that it is possible to establish that in this ultra-peripheral territory, the tourism sector was already presuming relevance in 2019, benefiting from a large sample of entrepreneurs and actors in the tourism sector in the Portuguese Autonomous Region of the Azores. Some potential implications may include the following: (i) Increased economic benefits: Creative tourism can bring in additional revenue for local businesses and organizations and individual artists and craftspeople;(ii) Preservation of cultural heritage: Creative tourism can help to support and preserve traditional cultural practices and crafts, which can be an essential aspect of island communities' identity;(iii) Job creation: Creative tourism can create new job opportunities for locals, such as tour guides, workshop instructors, and artists.

A literature review on overtourism to guide the transition to responsible tourism

Although the pre-pandemic tourism debate was led by Overtourism, when the pandemic erupted, the increasing literature on this topic was still in an initial stage. The mobility restrictions derived from Covid-19 stopped Overtourism, but the problem is still far from being eradicated. There is an increasingly need for a solid body of knowledge on which to build recovery to avoid making past mistakes. A comprehensive pre-pandemic literature review is carried out, by proposing an overtourism conceptual framework that integrates its causes and consequences. How the pandemic could become an opportunity to transition to a responsible tourism model is discussed.

Stakeholder Participation in Planning of a Sustainable and Competitive Tourism Destination: The Genoa Integrated Action Plan

The outbreak of COVID-19 confronted the international community with critical health, social, and economic challenges. Travel and tourism were among the hardest affected sectors. In 2020 and 2021 new travel trends emerged, emphasizing local destinations, short distances, and consequently, lower-carbon transportation (proximity tourism). Post-pandemic recovery represents an opportunity to bounce back better by rethinking the sector's economic model for the sake of sustainability and innovation. This paper disseminates the research that led to the structuring of guidelines for a breakthrough and inclusive municipal-level action plan for the promotion of sustainable tourism, as part of the Tourism Friendly Cities project. An operational methodology is discussed here, whereby key stakeholder participation, conceptualized through a sextuple helix model, is the foundation of the planning process. A small-scale action and a qualitative assessment tool of the participatory process are also illustrated. The proposed methodology corroborates the vast positive effects deriving from stakeholder participation in terms of trust, ownership, planning quality, innovativeness and sustainability of interventions. In applying the methodology, although the digital framework was evaluated positively in terms of the number of participants that could be involved, data collection, and confidentiality of activities, the evaluation shows that hybrid modes of participation are more desirable.

The Influence of Motivation and Behavior on Sustainable Tourism in Indonesia

Tourism is one of the industries that have an important role for Indonesia, especially in its economic development which has unlimited development potential [1]. Sustainable tourism is believed to be the most suitable concept for the industry in the new normal era which is supposed to make less crowd and interaction [2]. Indonesia is one of the countries experiencing the largest proportional decline in sustainable tourism by 56% [3]. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of the motivation and behavior of domestic tourists on sustainable tourism as an effort to restore the economy of the Indonesian tourism industry after the COVID-19 pandemic. It is not only the responsibility of the government and tourism stakeholders, but also the responsibility of Indonesian citizens as tourism consumers to be able to consciously participate in reviving and maintaining the sustainability of this important industry. This research uses questionnaire as data collection methods and multiple linear regression as main analysis methods. The sample of the research is 122 domestic tourists who have knowledge of sustainable tourism. Furthermore, this research contributes to creating a better sustainable tourism development strategy by understanding and increasing awareness about sustainable tourism not only from the side of tourism supply but also from the demand side. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Promoting Green Buildings and Low-Carbon Design Strategies of Green B&B Rooms for Sustainable Tourism after COVID-19

COVID-19 opened a window of opportunity to change the green development of the hospitality industry. For many years, Chinese tourists have been the world's largest source of outbound tourists. Therefore, this study attempted to improve built-environment strategies for green rooms at B&Bs using the empirical statistics of Chinese tourists after the end of COVID-19 control measures and different green B&B standards, combining IPA (importance-performance analysis). For the lack of a green built-environment study from a tourism perspective, this study can be used mainly for improving the green satisfaction of urban B&Bs as it attempted to fill the gaps in research on green B&B rooms. This study will significantly help improve the quality of green rooms for the B&B industry in the future, and it also provides an improved green B&B room sample for other countries and regions. Moreover, it is an optimistic attempt at hospitality and tourism recovery. © 2023 by the authors.